KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI
• Keanekaragaman genetik
• Keanekaragaman spesies
• Keanekaragaman ekosistem
SEJARAH KLASIFIKASI ORGANISME
• Aristoteles (400BC-mid 1800-a)
• Linnaeus (1700-an)
• E. Haeckel (1866)
• E. Chatton (1937)
• R.H. Whittaker (1969)
• C. Woese (1978)
• C.J. Bult (1996)
DASAR KLASIFIKASI (1)
• Aristoteles s/d Linnaeus :Kenampakan luar Organisme
• Dua dunia Kehidupan : Plantae, Animalia
DASAR KLASIFIKASI (2)
• E. Haeckel (1866) : fologi Mikroskopis
• 3 (tiga) dunia kehidupan : Plantae, Animalia, Prostista
DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (3)
• E. Chatton (1937) : Sruktur organisasi internal sel penyusun
• Dua tipe sel penyusun organisme
1. Prokaryot : Bakteri dan Arkhaea
2. Eukaryot : Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Algae, Protozoa
DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (4)
• R. H. Whittaker (1969) : Tipe organisasi internal, Tipe organisasi selular, Tipe nutrisi
• 5 (lima) dunia kehidupan : Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (5)
• Carl Woese (1978) : Perbandingan molekul Rrna. 16S rRNA (Prokaryot) 18S rRNA (Eukaryot)
• 3 (tiga) Domain kehidupan : Domain Bakteria, Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya
DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (6)
• Carol J. Bult (1996) : Sequencing genom Methanococcus janashii (Arkhaea), Kemiripan antara Bakteria dengan Arkhaea 50%, Secara evolusioner Arkhaea lebih mirip dengan Eukarya
TAXONOMY
• Taxonomy - the science of the classification of organisms.
• Taxonomy is a system of orderly classification of organisms into categories called taxons
• taxonomy is based on the Linnaean binomial system
• Organisms are placed into one of five Kingdoms; Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista, Monera
• Within each Kingdom each organism is nested into a hierarchical classification of taxons in the order - Kingdom, Phylum-Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
• Taxons higher up in the list hold higher numbers of different organisms
CLASIFICATIN LEVEL
• Go to the higest level -> the similarities is little but the members are biggest
• Go to the species (the low level) -> the members are little but the organisme have some properties in morp, pishio, anatomi
THE NOMENCLATURE -> name of organism is difference for every region
• The local name are making many problem because the same organism is given different name
• Then taxonomist try to create a nomenclature which is simple easy to understand and avalid internationally is called SCIENTIFIC NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
• the name of animal and plants is universal and recognize around the world, there is not be mistaken, binomium nomenclature by CAROLLUS LINNEUS
THE METHODS OF BINOMIUM NOMENCLATURE
• use latin words or latinized
• consist of two word
1. the first name, name ofgenus begin with a capital letter
2. the second shows species (epitheton specificum) begin with a small letter). Those name are given separate underline or italized
ex : Oryza sativa or Oryza sativa
• consist of tree words :
ex : Hibiscus rosasinensis or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Felis maculata domestica, Gallus-gallus domestica
OTHER TAXON
• Genus
the first of spesies name
example : Solanum
• Familia name :
Plants : selected name of genus + aceae (plant)
Animal : selected name of genus + idea (animals)
Example : Solanaceae , Felidae
• Ordo name :
Plant : selected name of familia + ales
Animal : none (irreguler)
Example : Solanales, carnivore
• Classis name : Natural characteristics
Plants -> Natural characteristics + mycetes /+phyceae / + opsida
Animals-> irregular (Natural characteristics)
Example : Ascomycetes, Chlorophyceae, Liliopsida
• Divisio / Phyllum name :
Plants -> General characteristics + phyta/mycota
Animals-> irreguler
group of vertebrate animals -> chordate
