KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI

KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI

•         Keanekaragaman genetik

•         Keanekaragaman spesies

•         Keanekaragaman ekosistem

SEJARAH KLASIFIKASI ORGANISME

•         Aristoteles (400BC-mid 1800-a)

•         Linnaeus (1700-an)

•         E. Haeckel (1866)

•         E. Chatton (1937)

•         R.H. Whittaker (1969)

•         C. Woese (1978)

•         C.J. Bult (1996)

DASAR KLASIFIKASI (1)

•          Aristoteles s/d Linnaeus :Kenampakan luar Organisme

•         Dua dunia Kehidupan : Plantae, Animalia

DASAR KLASIFIKASI (2)

•         E. Haeckel (1866) : fologi Mikroskopis

•         3 (tiga) dunia kehidupan : Plantae, Animalia, Prostista

DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (3)

•         E. Chatton (1937) : Sruktur organisasi internal sel penyusun

•         Dua tipe sel penyusun organisme

1.      Prokaryot : Bakteri dan Arkhaea

2.      Eukaryot : Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Algae, Protozoa

DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (4)

•         R. H. Whittaker (1969) : Tipe organisasi internal, Tipe organisasi selular, Tipe nutrisi

•         5 (lima) dunia kehidupan : Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (5)

•         Carl Woese (1978) : Perbandingan molekul Rrna. 16S rRNA (Prokaryot) 18S rRNA (Eukaryot)

•         3 (tiga) Domain kehidupan : Domain Bakteria, Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya

DASAR KLASSIFIKASI (6)

•         Carol J. Bult (1996) : Sequencing genom Methanococcus janashii (Arkhaea), Kemiripan antara Bakteria dengan Arkhaea 50%, Secara evolusioner Arkhaea lebih mirip dengan Eukarya

TAXONOMY

•         Taxonomy - the science of the classification of organisms.

•         Taxonomy is a system of orderly classification of organisms into categories called taxons

•         taxonomy is based on the Linnaean binomial system

•         Organisms are placed into one of five Kingdoms; Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista, Monera

•         Within each Kingdom each organism is nested into a hierarchical classification of taxons in the order - Kingdom, Phylum-Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

•         Taxons higher up in the list hold higher numbers of different organisms

CLASIFICATIN LEVEL

•         Go to the higest level -> the similarities is little but the members are biggest

•         Go to the species (the low level) -> the members are little but the organisme have some properties in morp, pishio, anatomi

THE NOMENCLATURE -> name of organism is difference for every region

•         The local name are making many problem because the same organism is given different name

•         Then taxonomist try to create a nomenclature which is simple easy to understand and avalid internationally is called SCIENTIFIC NAME

SCIENTIFIC NAME

•         the name of animal and plants is universal and recognize around the world, there is not be mistaken, binomium nomenclature by CAROLLUS LINNEUS

THE METHODS OF BINOMIUM NOMENCLATURE

•         use latin words or latinized

•         consist of two word

1.      the first name, name ofgenus begin with a capital letter

2.      the second shows species (epitheton specificum) begin with a small letter). Those name are given separate underline or italized

ex : Oryza sativa or Oryza sativa

•         consist of tree words :

ex : Hibiscus rosasinensis or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Felis maculata domestica, Gallus-gallus domestica

OTHER TAXON

•         Genus

            the first of spesies name

            example : Solanum

•         Familia name :

            Plants  : selected name of genus  + aceae (plant)

            Animal : selected name of genus + idea (animals)

            Example : Solanaceae , Felidae

•         Ordo name :

            Plant : selected name of familia  + ales

            Animal : none (irreguler)

            Example : Solanales, carnivore

•         Classis name : Natural characteristics

            Plants -> Natural characteristics + mycetes /+phyceae / + opsida

            Animals-> irregular (Natural characteristics)

            Example : Ascomycetes,  Chlorophyceae, Liliopsida

•         Divisio / Phyllum name :

            Plants -> General characteristics + phyta/mycota

            Animals-> irreguler

            group of vertebrate animals -> chordate